Disentangling the Causal Effects of Education and Participation Bias on Alzheimer Disease Using Mendelian Randomization
Univariable MR analyses indicated that education and participation reduced the risk of AD. However, MR also suggested that education increased the risk of AD/ADRD, highlighting the inconsistencies between clinical and proxy diagnoses of AD, as proxy-AD may be affected by selection, collider, or ascertainment bias. MVMR suggested that education remained associated with reduced AD risk after adjusting for participation and the protective effect of education may be due to other biological mechanisms, such as cognitive reserve.
Authors
- Aadrita Chatterjee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6642-6541)
- Shea J. Andrews (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1921-9470)
- Kristine S. Yaffe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0919-3825)
- Clémence Cavaillès (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8443-2307)
- Neil M Davies (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2460-0508)
Institutions
- Royal Statistical Society (GB)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- San Francisco VA Health Care System (US)
- Statistical Service (CY)
- Statistical Research (United States) (US)
- University College London (GB)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Neurology Genetics
- Published
- 2025-11-07
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1212/nxg.0000000000200307
- Primary Topic
- Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00