A Generic Power Flow Analysis of Multi-Grounded Multi-Phase Distribution Network in the Presence of Inverter-Based Distributed Generations

This paper introduces a novel method for conducting load flow analysis on unbalanced three-phase four-wire multi-grounded radial distribution systems that incorporate Inverter-Based Distributed Generation (IBDG) integrated into the distribution network through IBDG transformers. The proposed method employs a nodal admittance matrix in per-unit (p.u.) values, effectively integrating the transformer’s p.u. model based on branch currents and bus voltages. To accurately model the distribution network, separate matrices for Bus Injection to Branch Current (BIBC) and Branch Current to Bus Voltage (BCBV) are developed, accommodating phase, neutral, and ground currents, as well as bus voltages. The line impedances of the three-phase four-wire multi-grounded distribution system are calculated using Carson’s formula.This method is designed to handle various scenarios of multi-grounded distribution systems, including isolated neutral, neutral connected to ground with or without grounding impedance, demonstrating its versatility. The accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method are evaluated using a modified unbalanced three-phase four-wire multi-grounded IEEE 34-bus test system. The results from the proposed method are rigorously compared with those obtained from time-domain simulation studies conducted using PSCAD/EMTDC software, ensuring the method’s validity and reliability. The innovative approach detailed in this paper offers a comprehensive solution for load flow analysis in complex distribution networks, enhancing the integration and performance of IBDGs.