Biofuel Production Assessment of Crop Rotation Systems and Organic Residues in Agricultural Management

Ten-field crop rotation systems reduce the environmental impact of sustainable agriculture by reducing pollutant emissions, helping to reduce the agricultural sector’s dependence on imported natural gas, and increasing overall crop yields through more efficient use of recycled organic fertilizers. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing 10-field crop rotation for biofuel production in Ukraine to ensure energy and food security. The study was conducted in Ukraine, which is characterized by a predominantly temperate continental climate. An analysis conducted between 2020 and 2024 showed that, despite a reduced cultivated area in Ukraine, the yield of major agricultural crops increased by an average of 10–20% due to the adoption of intensive farming methods. Based on the conducted research and the justification for using a 10-field crop rotation for biofuel production, the annual productivity of the planned areas was predicted. The significant potential for biofuel production was estimated at 11.1 million tons of bioethanol, 3.16 million tons of biodiesel, 6.18 billion m3 of biogas, and 3.87 million tons of solid biofuel, which would cover Ukraine’s domestic needs for gasoline and diesel fuel many times over and could potentially replace approximately 31% of Ukraine’s annual natural gas consumption. Scientific research has shown that using digestate as an organic fertilizer increases the yield of major crops by 53–83% and helps to normalize soil acidity.