Exploring the lived experiences of pregnant women regarding the challenges and needs of higher-order multiple pregnancies in Western Iran: a phenomenological descriptive study

Multiple gestations impose greater physiological, psychological, and socioeconomic demands compared to singleton pregnancies. Given the limited data on the unique challenges and multifaceted needs of pregnant women with this condition, this study aimed to explore the lived experiences of these women regarding the challenges and needs associated with higher-order multiple pregnancies. This study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive phenomenology design. Using a maximum variation purposive sampling method, we selected women from Western Iran who had experienced higher-order multiple pregnancies. Sampling continued until data saturation was reached. Data were collected through face-to-face, semi-structured, in-depth interviews, which had a mean duration of 73.44 ± 10.44 min. Data analysis was performed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method. The criteria of Lincoln and Guba were applied to ensure the trustworthiness and rigor of the findings. Participants’ experiences were encapsulated within five overarching themes and 20 sub-themes. These themes included: Crushed under the pressure and responsibilities, Multiplicity of life amidst profound loneliness, immersion in needs, Journey of Acceptance, and Living Amidst the Ethical Struggles. The mean age of participants was 32.5 ± 5.46 years. Furthermore, 75% of the pregnancies were triplets, and 75% were conceived through assisted reproductive techniques. Women navigate these challenges through diverse adaptive and non-adaptive strategies, while articulating distinct needs whose fulfillment could ease complexities and foster acceptance of multiple pregnancy. Effectively addressing these multifaceted issues requires a comprehensive, multi-pronged approach by policymakers and healthcare leaders, encompassing supportive policies, specialized healthcare, prenatal education, essential facilities, and strengthened adaptive mechanisms.