Dynamic Analysis of Rayleigh Waves in Nonlocal Orthotropic Piezothermoelastic Medium With Diffusion

ABSTRACT This contribution evaluates the propagation mechanics of Rayleigh waves through a piezothermoelastic orthotropic medium incorporating nonlocal elasticity theory, diffusion effects, and the three‐phase‐lag (TPL) model. By applying normal mode analysis, we explore how the nonlocal parameter influences wave propagation, thermal diffusion, and piezoelectric interactions within the medium. The TPL model, which accounts for time delays in heat and stress responses, is integrated to better capture the material's dynamic behavior. The results demonstrate significant variations in wave speed, attenuation, and dispersion due to the interplay of nonlocal elasticity, diffusion, and the thermal effects under the TPL framework. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of wave propagation in advanced materials with complex thermoelastic and piezothermoelastic properties.