Metabolites associated with abnormal glucose metabolism responding to primary care lifestyle intervention

Type 2 diabetes can be prevented by lifestyle intervention. We aimed to identify metabolites that associate with glucose metabolism and respond to lifestyle intervention with evidence-based targets for nutrition and physical activity in individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes. Standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was used to categorize 624 participants into those having normal glucose tolerance (NGT), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), IGT with increased fasting glucose (IGT + IFG), and type 2 diabetes. Plasma LC-MS metabolomics was performed to reveal metabolic signatures. The baseline group differences were analysed with the Kruskal-Wallis test and the effect of intervention with a linear mixed-effects model. Significant differences in the metabolite signature were observed between the baseline groups, particularly in amino acids, acylcarnitines, and phospholipids. Fatty acid amides, phospholipids, amino acids, dimethylguanidinovaleric acid, and 5-aminovaleric acid betaine responded most to the lifestyle intervention. Lysophosphatidylcholines containing odd-chain fatty acids showed associations with improved glucose metabolism. Twenty-five metabolites differed between the baseline groups, responded to the intervention, and were associated with changes in glucose metabolism. The findings suggest a metabolite panel could be used in distinguishing individuals with varying degrees of glucose metabolism and in predicting response to lifestyle interventions.

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Publication Details

Journal
Scientific Reports
Published
2025-11-07
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-25749-z
Primary Topic
Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Metabolites associated with abnormal glucose metabolism responding to primary care lifestyle intervention

Santtu Mikkonen, Leila Karhunen, Ursula Schwab, Pilvikki Absetz et al.
Scientific Reports
Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
article

Metabolites associated with abnormal glucose metabolism responding to primary care lifestyle intervention

Santtu Mikkonen, Leila Karhunen, Ursula Schwab, Pilvikki Absetz, Reija Männikkö, Marjukka Kolehmainen, Niina Lintu, Timo A. Lakka, Kaisa Poutanen, Jussi Pihlajamäki, Janne Martikainen, Kati Hanhineva, Kirsikka Aittola, Ville Koistinen, Jaana Lindström, Marko Lehtonen, Elina Järvelä‐Reijonen, Suvi Manninen, Tanja Tilles‐Tirkkonen, Marjo Tuomainen
article en

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes can be prevented by lifestyle intervention. We aimed to identify metabolites that associate with glucose metabolism and respond to lifestyle intervention with evidence-based targets for nutrition and physical activity in individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes. Standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was used to categorize 624 participants into those having normal glucose tolerance (NGT), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), IGT with increased fasting glucose (IGT + IFG), and type 2 diabetes. Plasma LC-MS metabolomics was performed to reveal metabolic signatures. The baseline group differences were analysed with the Kruskal-Wallis test and the effect of intervention with a linear mixed-effects model. Significant differences in the metabolite signature were observed between the baseline groups, particularly in amino acids, acylcarnitines, and phospholipids. Fatty acid amides, phospholipids, amino acids, dimethylguanidinovaleric acid, and 5-aminovaleric acid betaine responded most to the lifestyle intervention. Lysophosphatidylcholines containing odd-chain fatty acids showed associations with improved glucose metabolism. Twenty-five metabolites differed between the baseline groups, responded to the intervention, and were associated with changes in glucose metabolism. The findings suggest a metabolite panel could be used in distinguishing individuals with varying degrees of glucose metabolism and in predicting response to lifestyle interventions.

Scientific ReportsVol. 15(1)
University of Turku (FI), Tampere University (FI), University of Eastern Finland (FI), Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (FI), Kuopio University Hospital (FI), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (FI)
Itä-Suomen Yliopisto, Helsingin Yliopisto, Kela, Diabetesliitto, Biocenter Finland, Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos
Openalex Percentile: Top 70%
Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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