Recent Advanced Photodetectors Coupling Optical Structure

Photodetectors are critical components in a wide range of applications, including military, communications, medical, and aerospace fields. With ongoing advancements in optoelectronics, the strategy of integrating multiple optical structures with photodetectors has led to substantial improvements in detection performance. This review summarizes recent research progress in optically coupled photodetectors, providing a systematic analysis of the operational mechanisms and performance characteristics of five key coupling configurations: optical waveguides, surface plasmon resonance structures, microcavities, gratings, and integrated metasurfaces. Furthermore, the main limitations of current coupling technologies and challenges facing the development of future coupled devices are discussed. Recent studies indicate that heterogeneous integration, multi-physical field coupling, and automated fabrication processes are paving the way for high-performance photodetectors with enhanced bandwidth, sensitivity, functional integration, and spectral control capabilities.