Interplay Between Dietary Phytochemicals and Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer: Future Directions and Considerations

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. Its development and progression are influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors such as diet. Recent studies highlight the role of dietary phytochemicals in the prevention and treatment of CRC. In this review, we explore the role of phytochemicals in directly targeting CRC and examine how microbiota convert these phytochemicals into bioactive metabolites. These metabolites may play a preventive and therapeutic role against CRC through cellular, molecular, and epigenetic mechanisms. We emphasize the need for additional actions to translate the existing knowledge effectively and safely into complementary treatments for CRC patients. The incorporation of phytochemical-rich diets represents a viable option in the battle against this debilitating condition.