Musculoskeletal Health Effects of Manual Sandcrete Block Handling Among Construction Artisans: Implications for Industry Practice and Training

This study examines the occupational health challenges faced by artisans in Ghana's Ashanti Region. The study employed a purposive sampling technique to select 425 masons through questionnaires. The data collected included workers' mass, block weights, and health problems. The analysis identified fourteen health problems, with headaches, muscle pain, lower back pain, chronic pain, and bruises being most prevalent. Artisan weight negatively correlated with weights of 125 mm blocks (r = -0.202, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and 150 mm blocks (r = -0.248, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Additionally, artisan weight showed a negative correlation with working hours (coefficient = -0.133, <i>p</i> < 0.05), as did body weight with resting hours (coefficient = -0.217, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Higher educational qualifications correlated positively with lifting-related health issues (coefficient = 0.259, <i>p =</i> 0.000) and negatively with weather-related issues (coefficient = -0.154, <i>p =</i> 0.002). Moreover, the number of working days per week was positively correlated with lifting problems (coefficient = 0.270, <i>p</i> < 0.05). The study recommends redesigning block sizes to reduce physical strain. Additionally, policy measures such as reducing machinery import taxes are suggested to encourage mechanisation. The study further emphasises the need for training institutions to incorporate occupational health education into artisan training programs.