Ileostomy Adenocarcinoma After Recurrent Rectal and Colon Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review

Numerous complications of stoma have been documented in the literature, yet only a few involve malignancy. However, missing or delayed diagnosis can lead to disease progression, metastasis, and death. We present a case of a 71-year-old patient who had a history of recurrent colorectal cancer with multiple operations, including an end ileostomy, who suffered from an ileostomy adenocarcinoma, presenting with abnormal growth on the mucocutaneous junction of the stoma, in the absence of high-risk features, including familial adenomatous polyposis or inflammatory bowel disease. Diagnosis was confirmed with biopsy, and the patient underwent surgical excision with a satisfactory outcome. There are previous case reports and studies on ileostomy carcinoma, which suggest the incidence, typical presentation, risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment methods. This case illustrated the possibility of rare stoma malignancy in a patient with a relatively short stoma age and absence of high-risk predisposing conditions. Ileostomy carcinoma is a rare complication, but clinicians should be highly alert to new symptoms of the stoma and take biopsies of any suspicious lesions, as early detection and surgical excision can lead to a favorable prognosis.