I4.0 and 4xe – Industry 4.0 and Cluster Policy: Exploitation, Effectiveness, Evaluation, and Expectations

Purpose | This article analyses the impact of cluster membership on businesses’ digital transformation and adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies, with a focus on benefits and varying member approaches. Research method | The study combines the literature review with the results of Bench marking and the application of R software to develop typologies of cluster members based on four dimensions [4xE]: Exploitation, Effectiveness, Evaluation, and Expecta tions concerning I4.0 adoption. Results | The results show that cluster initiatives positively influence the adoption and use of advanced technologies. The identified member typologies highlight varying engagement levels and benefits. Originality / value / implications / recommendations | This research contributes to the understanding of cluster dynamics in fostering technological advancements and offers evidence-based recommendations for enhancing digital transformation support within clusters. Insights are provided for cluster coordinators to tailor support initiatives for specific member groups, improving the effectiveness of I4.0 adoption.