Comparative Analysis of Serum Resistin and Omentin Levels Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic condition marked by insulin resistance, pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, and persistent hyperglycemia. Adipokines such as resistin and omentin play critical roles in mediating inflammatory responses and insulin sensitivity, making them important biomarkers for T2DM progression. Objectives: To investigate serum levels of resistin and omentin among controlled and uncontrolled T2DM patients in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, and assess their associations with glycemic status and metabolic parameters. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 90 T2DM patients aged 40–70 years, categorized into controlled (n = 30) and uncontrolled (n = 60) groups. Clinical data and blood samples were collected from the Diabetes-Endocrine Center in Sulaymaniyah. Serum resistin and omentin levels were measured using ELISA. Biochemical parameters, including HbA1c and insulin resistance index, were assessed. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: Uncontrolled T2DM patients had significantly higher resistin and lower omentin levels compared to the controlled group (p < 0.01). HbA1c levels were elevated in uncontrolled diabetics, and significant negative correlations were observed between resistin and omentin in both male and female subgroups. These findings align with previous studies and reinforce the contrasting roles of resistin (pro-inflammatory) and omentin (anti-inflammatory) in T2DM. Conclusion: Resistin and omentin demonstrate opposite expression patterns in relation to glycemic control in T2DM, indicating their potential roles as biomarkers for disease severity. The findings underscore the need for further research on adipokine modulation as a therapeutic strategy for metabolic disorders.