Dynamic analysis of a breast cancer model with SGLT2 inhibitor and vitamin combination therapy

In this paper, a fractional-order breast cancer model is constructed to study the combination effects of vitamin and SGLT2 inhibitor. The model represents the interaction between normal cells, infected cells, and immune cells when treated alone and in combination. Then we investigate the model dynamics such as existence and uniqueness of solutions as well as stability of the equilibrium, and carry out numerical simulations to verify the theoretical results. Finally, by using Pontryagin’s maximum principle, we analyze the optimal control and derive the optimal solution. Research shows that vitamins not only effectively enhance patients’ immunity, but also demonstrate the potential to eliminate tumor cells; when combined with SGLT2 inhibitors, they significantly reduce the side effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on the human body. This combined therapy controls treatment costs while further improving efficacy, and provides a highly valuable reference for public health organizations to formulate clinical treatment strategies.