Infertility related stigma and depressive symptoms among obese women: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Obesity and infertility are significant global health challenges with profound psychosocial consequences. Women experiencing both conditions often face stigma, depression, and reduced quality of life, This study aimed to examine the psychological impact of obesity and infertility among Iraqi women, focusing on perceived stigma and depressive symptoms, and to identify sociodemographic and clinical predictors. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 340 women attending infertility clinics across four Iraqi governorates. Data were collected using a Demographic and Clinical Data Form, the Infertility Stigma Scale (ISS), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and multiple linear regression were used to examine associations and identify predictors of stigma and depression. Results Mean ISS total score was 84.3 ± 11.8, indicating high perceived stigma, with highest scores in self-devaluation and public stigma subscales. Mean PHQ-9 score was 17.5 ± 4.9, reflecting moderate depressive symptoms. Infertility duration, marital duration, BMI, and age were significant predictors of stigma, while infertility duration, marital duration, and BMI predicted depression. Infertility duration showed the strongest correlation with both stigma ( r = 0.45, p < 0.01) and depression ( r = 0.40, p < 0.01). Stigma was strongly associated with depression ( r = 0.60, p < 0.01). Conclusion Prolonged infertility, higher BMI, and extended marital duration exacerbate perceived stigma and depressive symptoms among obese women. Early identification, psychosocial support, and culturally sensitive interventions are recommended to mitigate psychological distress and improve quality of life.