THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON URBAN TOURISM IN BULGARIA: ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVES

The PURPOSE of this study is to analyze the multifaceted consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on urban tourism in Bulgaria, assessing its economic, social, and environmental impacts. The study employs a mixed-METHODS approach, combining quantitative data analysis from sources like the National Statistical Institute for the ten largest cities in Bulgaria with qualitative evaluations of policy measures. The RESULTS indicate the sector experienced a severe economic shock, with revenues declining by 80% in 2020 and significant job losses. A gradual recovery followed, driven by domestic tourism, though it has not fully compensated for the loss of international visitors. The pandemic shifted tourist preferences toward less populated rural and coastal destinations. In response, cities accelerated the digitalization of services and developed alternative tourism experiences. While reduced international travel led to temporary environmental benefits like lower emissions, increased domestic tourism put pressure on local infrastructure and the environment. The study concludes that adaptive strategies are essential for a sustainable recovery.