Role of Supervised Exercise Rehabilitation in Enhancing Functional Capacity and Quality of Life in a Patient with Takayasu Arteritis: A Case Report

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare, chronic, granulomatous inflammatory disorder that primarily involves the aorta and its major arterial branches, leading to ischemic complications such as claudication and functional impairment. While immunosuppressive therapy remains the cornerstone of management, supervised exercise training (SET) has emerged as a promising adjunct for improving functional outcomes, though supporting evidence remains limited. This case report presents a 32-year-old female diagnosed with TA, experiencing progressive bilateral upper-limb claudication for four years.. Baseline evaluation showed severe functional impairment with a claudication distance of 45 m, 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) of 298 m, DASH score of 74/100, and elevated inflammatory markers (CRP 15 mg/L, ESR 32 mm/hr). The patient underwent a 16-week SET program (45 min, three sessions per week), combining aerobic, resistance, and functional training tailored to her cardiovascular tolerance. Following intervention, significant improvements were observed: claudication distance increased to 220 m (+389%), 6MWD improved to 485 m (+63%), and peak VO2 rose by 35% (18.2 → 24.6 mL/kg/min). Pain scores reduced by 63%, handgrip strength improved by 44–50%, and DASH score decreased by 49%. Quality-of-life indices (SF-36 PCS and MCS) improved by 86% and 40%, along with a reduction in inflammatory markers (CRP and ESR decreased by 47% and 31%), with CRP and ESR levels reduced by 47% and 31%. No adverse cardiovascular or musculoskeletal events occurred. This case suggests that structured supervised exercise training is a feasible, safe, and effective adjunct to medical management in TA, contributing to enhanced limb function, cardiovascular capacity, and overall quality of life.