Changing patterns in chemical terrorism 1970–2021
Chemical terrorism incidents have decreased in recent years. However, these incidents still pose risks to human life and property. Training for first responders should prioritize the detection and management of nerve agents and organophosphates. Improved detection systems and standardized protocols are imperative for strengthening response effectiveness in future incidents.
Authors
- Rafael Castro Delgado (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9520-656X)
- Helal Uddin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0767-3174)
- Ana Fernández‐Somoano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8135-9079)
- Federico Di Palma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0816-3096)
- Lucía Fernández‐Arce (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5664-7012)
Institutions
- Universidad de Oviedo (ES)
- Gobierno del Principado de Asturias (ES)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ES)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (ES)
- East West University (BD)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Frontiers in Public Health
- Published
- 2025-11-07
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1689809
- Primary Topic
- Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Universidad de Oviedo
- European Education and Culture Executive Agency