Prognostic value of kappa free light chain index in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis
The κ-FLC index does not predict disability progression in PPMS, contrasting its growing role as a prognostic biomarker in relapsing MS. This highlights phenotypic differences in MS pathophysiology and underscores the need for prognostic biomarkers in PPMS.
Authors
- Dejan Milosavljevic
- Janette Walde (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1241-5292)
- Franziska Di Pauli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-2394)
- Igal Rosenstein (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5078-9690)
- Harald Hegen
- Anne Zinganell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4664-9310)
- Marco Vercellino (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4199-3884)
- Caroline Winther Tørring (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7820-7304)
- Gabriel Bsteh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0825-0851)
- Michael Auer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5117-4225)
- Massimiliano Di Filippo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2645-7477)
- Markus Ponleitner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3709-1845)
- Andreja Emeršič
- Stefan Presslauer
- Nik Krajnc (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4146-5870)
- Michaela Hassler
- Paola Cavalla (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4589-4864)
- Uroš Rot (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2422-8670)
- Domizia Vecchio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5920-9210)
- Tobias Zrzavy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8909-1591)
- Thor Petersen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5633-2600)
- Lorenzo Gaetani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3967-8954)
- Klaus Berek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2755-2043)
- Fabian Föttinger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7970-5349)
- Martin Schmidauer
Institutions
- Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” (IT)
- Innsbruck Medical University (AT)
- University of Ljubljana (SI)
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- Universität Innsbruck (AT)
- University of Perugia (IT)
- Ljubljana University Medical Centre (SI)
- Aarhus University Hospital (DK)
- Azienda Ospedaliera Citta' della Salute e della Scienza di Torino (IT)
- Hochschule Campus Wien (AT)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna (AT)
- Region of Southern Denmark (DK)
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carita (IT)
- Otto Wagner Hospital (AT)
- Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedale Maggiore (IT)
- Medical University of Vienna (AT)
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Published
- 2025-11-07
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1658182
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.47
Funders
- Amgen
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Sanofi
- Biogen
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals
- Celgene
- European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis
- Amicus Therapeutics
- Mylan
- Horizon Therapeutics
- Eisai
- Siemens Healthineers
- European Academy of Neurology
- Neuraxpharm