Design, Synthesis, DFT Computations, Spectroscopic Features, Topology, Molecular Docking, <i>in-silico</i> Predictions and Biological Evaluation of 9-ethyl-3-[2-(2-thienyl)vinyl]-9H-Carbazole as Probable Anti-Proliferative Agent

Carbazole derivatives show more significant but limited biological activities, which can be improved by structure modifications. In the research paper, we report the eco-friendly synthesis, optimized structure, quantum chemical approaches and biological evaluations of the 9-ethyl-3-[2-(2-thienyl)vinyl]-9H-carbazole (9HETV) compound. Optimized geometrical factors were computed in the ground state and matched very well with X-ray crystallographic data. The measured FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra were recorded and associated with corresponding scaled vibrational wavenumbers, which were calculated theoretically. The NMR chemical signals of the synthesized compound in the DMSO solvent phase were employed by the gauge-including atomic orbitals (GIAO) approach and are fully well-matched with experimental results. UV-Vis absorption spectra were employed by applying time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) techniques. Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis of the 9HETV molecule is used to determine the strong intermolecular contacts. Additionally, the molecular electrostatic potential, molecular orbital theory, chemical reactivity and atomic charges were also determined and thoroughly explained. Interestingly, the biological qualities of the title compound were predicted to make their drug-likeness properties, and SwissADMET prediction was performed to investigate the drug activities. The computer-aided docking analysis was interpreted and docked. The 9HETV compound may reveal anticancer activity against EGFR tyrosine kinase domains of receptors 1T8L and 4HJO that have more negative binding affinity as –8.4 and –6.9 kcal/mol. The free radical scavenging activity of the 9HETV compound has been tested by the DPPH assay. Finally, the cell viability effect of 9HETV was tested by MTT assay or cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell lines (breast cancer) for 24 h time period. These findings proposed that the 9HETV can be newly synthesized and reported as effective anticancer drugs, which have to be enhanced and estimated further.