Boosting Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells with Dual-Gradient Tungsten-Doped Indium Oxide (IWO) Interlayers
The alignment of work function between transparent conducting oxides and charge transport layers is critical for the fill factor in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. Silvaco TCAD simulations show that a higher work function in tungsten-doped indium oxide (IWO) improves hole extraction in the perovskite subcell. In comparison, a lower work function enhances electron transport in the silicon subcell. To address this, a dual IWO interlayer with a graded work function is engineered via reactive plasma deposition by tuning the oxygen-to-argon flow rate ratio. This resolves interfacial mismatches and promotes carrier recombination. Furthermore, the optimized IWO surface facilitates improved anchoring with [4-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (MeO-4PACz), thereby enhancing the quality of the perovskite layer. As a result, the optimized device achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 31.91%. This silicon-centric approach offers a scalable fabrication route for high-efficiency tandem solar cells.
Authors
- Shuangbiao Xia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9887-0668)
- Jian Yu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6824-064X)
- Wenzhu Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-9089)
- Kexin Yao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5686-6909)
- Fanying Meng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2496-1386)
- Shilin Wei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0596-2888)
- Liping Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3650-4174)
- Hanlin Hu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5617-0998)
- Zhengxin Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6612-6958)
- Hong Xiao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5631-7187)
- Jingjing Xu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6777-2919)
- Yuhui Ji
- Fei Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8432-0009)
- Chen Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7728-1678)
- Jianliang Wang
- Yunren Luo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5108-9438)
- Pengxu Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8596-3564)
- Junlin Du (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7838-0045)
- Hongjun Cao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4625-5351)
- Yutao Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3075-4949)
- Jiakai Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6224-6717)
- Zhenzhu Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2318-6373)
- Na Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5360-8760)
Institutions
- Shanghai University (CN)
- Chongqing University (CN)
- Southwest Petroleum University (CN)
- Shenzhen Polytechnic University (CN)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Shanghai Stock Exchange (CN)
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry (CN)
- Taiyuan Heavy Industry (China) (CN)
- Advanced Dynamics (United States) (US)
- Institute of Agricultural Machinery (JP)
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (CN)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- ACS Energy Letters
- Published
- 2025-11-06
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c02331
- Primary Topic
- Perovskite Materials and Applications
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00