From stakeholders to shareholders: Policy priorities in Portugal for a just energy transition

The energy transition represents a shift in the global energy paradigm, intertwining technological advancements with societal goals. It provides an opportunity to replace energy sources while addressing energy poverty, security, affordability, and democracy. However, energy justice policies remain fragmented across EU Member States. This study uses participatory methods in co-creation workshops to explore how policy mixes can enhance citizen and community economic participation in wind energy projects in Portugal. It identifies policy instruments to accelerate wind energy while ensuring distributive and procedural justice. The resulting policy framework emphasizes fiscal, regulatory, and educational measures supporting a just, people centered energy transition. • Analyzes local stakeholders’ economic participation in renewable energy projects. • A participatory method identifies policy priorities for citizens-led investments. • Co-ownership and co-investment are critical for a just energy policy. • Proposes policy mixes including fiscal, regulatory, and energy literacy.