The Value of City Level Spaces of Public Interaction and Local Governance in Johor Bahru City in Malaysia

The recent focus of public-private partnerships (PPP) in the arena of local governance in Japan has been given to cooperation between the private sector and local governments and the generation of City Level Spaces of Public Interaction (CLSPIs) through public and private collaboration. On one hand, such spaces play a part in serving public functions of a city, while on the other hand, they allow people to gather and interact with each other. In this research, we conducted a field survey of CLSPIs in Johor Bahru city in Malaysia to examine where they are and how they function through local governance.