Improving biomedical fields with knowledge graphs: Domains, Tasks, and Applications

Biomedical knowledge graphs (BKGs) have become essential tools for organizing and leveraging the vast and complex datasets within the biomedical field. However, existing reviews on BKGs often focus on specific domains or methods, overlooking the broader landscape and the rapid technological advancements transforming the field. In this study, we address this gap by offering a systematic review of BKGs from three key perspectives: domains, tasks, and applications. We begin by exploring the construc- tion of BKGs from diverse data sources, such as molecular interactions, pharmacological databases, and clinical records. Next, we discuss the essential tasks enabled by BKGs, focusing on knowledge management, information retrieval, reasoning, and in- terpretation. Finally, we highlight real-world applications of BKGs in precision medicine, drug discovery, and scientific research, emphasizing their tangible impact across multiple sectors. By integrating these perspectives into a cohesive framework, this review not only clarifies the current state of BKG research but also establishes a foundation for future exploration, paving the way for methodological advancements and practical applications.