Green vs. Digital Transformation in Poland: Strategies of Key Stakeholders

The concept of sustainability has gained increasing relevance amid accelerating environmental degradation, exemplified by climate change, biodiversity loss, resource depletion, and droughts. In response, the European Union introduced the European Green Deal, aiming to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. Digital technologies are expected to play a pivotal role in this transition by supporting carbon reduction and enhancing energy efficiency. Poland is currently undergoing a green and digital transformation, with challenges in coal-dependent regions. Although the decline of the coal sector has spanned three decades, it has lacked a coherent, strategic framework. Ensuring a fair and inclusive transition requires the active participation of diverse stakeholders, especially trade unions, and stronger integration of digital solutions. The aim of this article is to identify and analyse the strategies of key stakeholders involved in Poland’s dual green and digital transformation. Using a narrative literature review, the study explores the roles, motivations, and interactions among state institutions, regional authorities, trade unions, and industry representatives. The findings indicate a need for greater policy coherence, improved stakeholder coordination, and targeted digital investment. The paper concludes with recommendations and outlines future research directions focused on regional disparities and stakeholder engagement in transformative policy implementation.