The Activity and Mechanism of Resveratrol against Listeria monocytogenes: Disruption of the Cell Membrane and Impact on the ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter Pathway

Resveratrol is a naturally non-flavonoid polyphenol compound that demonstrates potent antibacterial properties against a range of foodborne pathogenic bacteria. However, its underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. In present study, the antibacterial properties of resveratrol were assessed, with a focus on its impact on the cell membrane and the KEEG pathway in Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). The results indicated that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of resveratrol against L. monocytogenes strains ATCC216353, ATCC19111, CMCC(B)54002, and ATCC54004 were 200, 200, 100, and 400 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, it was observed that the growth of L. monocytogenes was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by resveratrol. The Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) revealed that following resveratrol treatment, bacterial cells experienced shrinkage and rupture, resulting in the leakage of numerous substances. Concurrently, the outcomes of Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) indicated that resveratrol inflicted significant damage on cellular membranes and hindered the development of bacterial biofilms, thereby diminishing their stability. Additionally, transcriptome analysis revealed that resveratrol treatment mainly inhibits the metabolism of a small molecule on the membrane affecting synthesis of bacterial cell membranes and ABC transporter pathways.