Disrupting Bias with Cinematic Virtual Reality: The Effects of Spatial Presence and Perspective-Taking on Reducing Prejudice

Abstract This research investigated cinematic virtual reality (CVR) as a modality for disrupting bias and promoting prosocial attitudes. The immersive nature of CVR provides opportunities for individuals to experience spatial presence and a sense of connectedness with minoritized outgroups depicted in media narratives. The primary aims of this study were to empirically examine the psychological processes through which CVR may be more effective, compared to traditional film viewing, in changing attitudes and beliefs. Specifically, a pretest-posttest experimental design (N = 73) was conducted to empirically examine the mediating effects of spatial presence and state level perspective-taking on the relationship between condition (modality of viewing the film) and the outcome variables (concern about discrimination and social dominance orientation). Results showed that CVR enhanced viewers’ perspective-taking and spatial presence, which was advantageous in reducing their preference for hierarchy and dominance in social systems. Specifically, the CVR experience was effective in increasing endorsement of racial equality and egalitarian systems due to the immersive nature of the film in creating feelings of spatial presence and closeness with the people depicted in the film. This research advances understanding of the psychological processing of CVR and provides empirical evidence for the effects of VR on spatial presence and perspective-taking processes.