Joint optimization of high-power charging and battery swapping technology

Electric trucks are becoming more common as means of transporting materials. This study evaluates the use of electric trucks for material transport in Finland. Three battery factories planned in southern Finland, and the raw materials for them are partially transported from other parts of Finland. The trucks can take advantage of the available battery charging stations (BCSs) during the drivers’ mandatory pauses. Another option is to use battery swapping stations (BSSs), if there is not enough time for charging. However, the infrastructure for electric truck charging and battery swapping is still limited. Additional BCSs or BSSs are needed near the raw material factories and along the routes. However, building the facilities is expensive. The aim is to minimize the costs related to charging, while ensuring that the transporting trucks have a sufficient amount of energy to complete the trips.