Energy Management of a Hybrid Energy System for Dynamic Load Compensation

This paper presents a hybrid energy system (HES) integrating a fuel cell (FC) and a supercapacitor (SC), each connected to a common DC-bus via dual active bridge (DAB) converters. A two-layer control strategy is implemented, where the inner loop employs peak current control with feedforward compensation, while the outer supervisory layer is governed by the proposed energy management system (EMS). The EMS monitors DC-bus voltage, load current, and computes rate of change of current, activating the SC DAB during transients, overloads, or undervoltage conditions based on predefined thresholds. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink confirm effective voltage regulation and dynamic current sharing under variable load scenarios. The proposed scheme enables seamless source coordination with minimal computational overhead.