Mass and Nutrient Content of Beans and Husks of Coffea racemosa and Coffea zanguebariae Grown in Mozambique

<i>Coffea racemosa</i> and <i>C. zanguebariae</i> show promising characteristics for cultivation under stress conditions. However, their potential for breeding programs requires further characterization, especially regarding fruit attributes. This study aimed to characterize the bean/husk ratio and the nutrient content in bean and husks from 22 accessions of <i>Coffea racemosa</i> and another 22 of <i>C. zanguebariae</i> cultivated in Mozambique. Ripe fruits were collected, dried, and manually peeled to evaluate the percentage of bean and husk. The nutrient content (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, and B) was quantified separately by standard methodology. The data were summarized in scatter plots, and differences among accessions were analyzed using Euclidean distance and grouped following the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean. On average, beans accounted for 54.4% (ranging from 34.5% to 66.5%) of the fruit mass in <i>C. racemosa</i> and 60.4% (38.8% to 81.4%) in <i>C. zanguebariae</i>. Macronutrient content in beans followed the order N > K > Mg > P > S > Ca (average N = 19.98 kg ton<sup>-1</sup> of beans) in <i>C. racemosa</i> and N > K > Ca > Mg > S > P (average N = 25.42 kg ton<sup>-1</sup> of beans) in <i>C. zanguebariae</i>. Micronutrient content in beans followed the order Fe > B > Mn > Cu > Zn in both species, with average Fe content of 325.8 and 473.72 g ton<sup>-1</sup> of beans for <i>C. racemosa</i> and <i>C. zanguebariae</i>, respectively. No correspondence occurred between the bean and husk nutrient content. <i>Coffea racemosa</i> and <i>C. zanguebariae</i> exhibit bean proportions and nutritional profiles comparable to those of commercial species, highlighting their high potential for coffee diversification and genetic breeding. These results provide new evidence supporting the inclusion of <i>C. racemosa</i> and <i>C. zanguebariae</i> in breeding programs aimed at climate-resilient and nutritionally distinct coffee varieties.

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Journal
Plants
Published
2025-11-06
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14213401
Primary Topic
Coffee research and impacts
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article
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article

Mass and Nutrient Content of Beans and Husks of Coffea racemosa and Coffea zanguebariae Grown in Mozambique

José C. Ramalho, Larícia Olária Emerick Silva, Weverton Pereira Rodrigues, Niquisse José Alberto et al.
Plants
Coffee research and impacts
article

Mass and Nutrient Content of Beans and Husks of Coffea racemosa and Coffea zanguebariae Grown in Mozambique

José C. Ramalho, Larícia Olária Emerick Silva, Weverton Pereira Rodrigues, Niquisse José Alberto, Rafael Nunes de Almeida, Fábio Luiz Partelli, Augusto Jossias Zandamela
article en

Abstract

<i>Coffea racemosa</i> and <i>C. zanguebariae</i> show promising characteristics for cultivation under stress conditions. However, their potential for breeding programs requires further characterization, especially regarding fruit attributes. This study aimed to characterize the bean/husk ratio and the nutrient content in bean and husks from 22 accessions of <i>Coffea racemosa</i> and another 22 of <i>C. zanguebariae</i> cultivated in Mozambique. Ripe fruits were collected, dried, and manually peeled to evaluate the percentage of bean and husk. The nutrient content (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, and B) was quantified separately by standard methodology. The data were summarized in scatter plots, and differences among accessions were analyzed using Euclidean distance and grouped following the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean. On average, beans accounted for 54.4% (ranging from 34.5% to 66.5%) of the fruit mass in <i>C. racemosa</i> and 60.4% (38.8% to 81.4%) in <i>C. zanguebariae</i>. Macronutrient content in beans followed the order N > K > Mg > P > S > Ca (average N = 19.98 kg ton<sup>-1</sup> of beans) in <i>C. racemosa</i> and N > K > Ca > Mg > S > P (average N = 25.42 kg ton<sup>-1</sup> of beans) in <i>C. zanguebariae</i>. Micronutrient content in beans followed the order Fe > B > Mn > Cu > Zn in both species, with average Fe content of 325.8 and 473.72 g ton<sup>-1</sup> of beans for <i>C. racemosa</i> and <i>C. zanguebariae</i>, respectively. No correspondence occurred between the bean and husk nutrient content. <i>Coffea racemosa</i> and <i>C. zanguebariae</i> exhibit bean proportions and nutritional profiles comparable to those of commercial species, highlighting their high potential for coffee diversification and genetic breeding. These results provide new evidence supporting the inclusion of <i>C. racemosa</i> and <i>C. zanguebariae</i> in breeding programs aimed at climate-resilient and nutritionally distinct coffee varieties.

PlantsVol. 14(21)
University of Lisbon (PT), GeoEngineers (United States) (US), Universidade Estadual da Região Tocantina do Maranhão (BR), Instituto Superior Politécnico de Manica (MZ), Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (BR), Instituto de Investigação Agrária de Moçambique (MZ), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (BR), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (PT)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Division of Graduate Education
Openalex Percentile: Top 63%
Coffee research and impacts
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