Effects of genotypes on sperm quality and fertility of buffalo bulls

Indigenous bulls exhibit superior semen quality in motility, plasma membrane integrity, and post-thaw viability compared to Murrah and Nili-Ravi bulls. Additionally, the higher progressive motility and improved kinematic properties observed in indigenous bulls may have contributed to their higher fertility rates. However, no significant differences in fertility outcomes were found among the genotypes, suggesting that all three genotypes performed similarly in terms of fertility through artificial insemination (AI), at least under on-station conditions. Further research needs to be carried out to evaluate AI efficiency and fertility rate under on-farm conditions.