Infantile Acute Myeloid Leukemia Presenting As Intussusception: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

A 10-month-old male infant presented to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain. Diagnostic images showed bowel intussusception. A laparotomy with a reduction of ileocolic intussusception and a small bowel resection was done. Initial complete blood count (CBC) showed significant abnormalities of blasts and pancytopenia. Flow cytometry, surgical pathology, and molecular testing confirmed the diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma (MS)/acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The patient was treated as per the Children's Oncology Group (COG) study AAML 1831, low-risk stratification Arm B (LR2), and was treated with five cycles of chemotherapy. Currently, the patient is in remission one year post-therapy. A literature review of pediatric MS patients with presentation of intussusception is included.