Multipole decomposition of the thermal one-loop self-energy correction for a bound atomic electron

In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of the one-loop self-energy correction at finite temperature for the bound electron. In this approach, we study the influence of thermal radiation on atomic systems. Along the way, we find well-known effects, including thermal Stark and Zeeman shifts, as well as thermal quadrupole interactions and relativistic corrections to the multipole expansion of photon field operators. We show that the corresponding contributions arise from the decomposition of the fully relativistic expression in terms of the $\ensuremath{\alpha}Z$ parameter. The presented analysis unambiguously determines the consistency of the quantum electrodynamics theory at finite temperature with the perturbation theory of quantum mechanics. Although our analysis mainly focuses on the hydrogen atom model, potential implications for precision spectroscopic experiments are discussed.