Numerical computation of electromagnetically sourced nonlinear tails

Amazingly, recent studies indicate that nonlinear effects are of great significance for modeling black hole ringdown. Transient electromagnetic events in the astrophysical environment are typically high energetic, potentially responsible for some nonlinearities in ringdown. Motivated by the desire to understand these nonlinearities, we solve the inhomogeneous Bardeen-Press-Teukolsky equation numerically and find second-order gravitational tails induced by an electromagnetic source. Our results suggest that the second-order tails of curvature perturbations with multipole numbers $l\ensuremath{\ge}4$ decay as ${t}^{\ensuremath{-}2l\ensuremath{-}2}$ at fixed spatial position and ${u}^{\ensuremath{-}l\ensuremath{-}3}$ in retarded-time $u$ at null infinity, slower than their linear counterparts, which can play a role in multimessenger observations.

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Journal
Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
Published
2025-11-06
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/xrs3-82cb
Primary Topic
Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
Type
article
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article

Numerical computation of electromagnetically sourced nonlinear tails

Hongbao Zhang, Cheng-Gang Shao, J. Shi, Jian Jiao et al.
Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
article

Numerical computation of electromagnetically sourced nonlinear tails

Hongbao Zhang, Cheng-Gang Shao, J. Shi, Jian Jiao, Yu Tian, Zhiqi He, Jia Du
article en

Abstract

Amazingly, recent studies indicate that nonlinear effects are of great significance for modeling black hole ringdown. Transient electromagnetic events in the astrophysical environment are typically high energetic, potentially responsible for some nonlinearities in ringdown. Motivated by the desire to understand these nonlinearities, we solve the inhomogeneous Bardeen-Press-Teukolsky equation numerically and find second-order gravitational tails induced by an electromagnetic source. Our results suggest that the second-order tails of curvature perturbations with multipole numbers $l\ensuremath{\ge}4$ decay as ${t}^{\ensuremath{-}2l\ensuremath{-}2}$ at fixed spatial position and ${u}^{\ensuremath{-}l\ensuremath{-}3}$ in retarded-time $u$ at null infinity, slower than their linear counterparts, which can play a role in multimessenger observations.

Physical review. D/Physical review. D.Vol. 112(10)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN), Beijing Normal University (CN), International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific (CN), Institute of Theoretical Physics (CN), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 77%
Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
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