Kilowatt-level all-fiber burst-mode laser with flexible-tailored temporal configuration

Burst-mode lasers have emerged as a promising solution for delivering customizable pulse packets composed of multiple sub-pulses. However, the limited controllability over key parameters such as sub-pulse temporal separation and intensity has impeded their widespread adoption. To address this issue, we propose an all-fiber picosecond burst-mode laser system with flexible-tailored temporal characteristics, including sub-pulse repetition rates (50 MHz-1 GHz), burst repetition rates (50 kHz-1 MHz), burst widths (25 ns-1000 ns), and programmable envelope shapes (rectangular, triangular, or arbitrary profiles). Furthermore, the impact of burst parameters on nonlinear effects is systematically investigated using multi-stage fiber amplifiers, revealing that both the effective sub-pulse repetition rate and envelope distortion critically affect nonlinear accumulation and power scaling. By carefully optimizing the burst parameters and pre-shaping the envelope, nonlinear effects are effectively suppressed, achieving a record average power up to 1.04 kW and a maximum burst energy of 10 mJ. The resulting bursts exhibit temporally flattened profiles and a stimulated Raman scattering signal-to-noise ratio of 47 dB. The demonstrated versatility and superior performance make this system attractive for applications in precision manufacturing, laser ranging, and optical metrology.