Sandwich-Structured Lithiophilic Layer with Mixed Ionic–Electronic Conductivity for Lithium Metal Batteries
Precise regulation of Li nucleation and dense deposition are needed for the practical application of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, MgF2 nanoparticles were sandwiched between two thin N-doped graphitized carbon layers (NG@MgF2@NG) via atomic layer deposition and chemical vapor deposition. Upon full lithiation, a sandwich-structured lithiophilic mixed ionic–electronic conductive (LMIEC) layer is formed in situ, which reduces the nucleation overpotential and induces lateral Li growth with reduced volume fluctuation, leading to dense and uniform deposition. Furthermore, Li deposition behavior and its underlying mechanisms on the LMIEC layer were investigated by using in situ optical microscopy, in situ TEM observation, and theoretical calculations. A Coulombic efficiency of 99.0% over 1000 cycles in asymmetric cells and a lifespan exceeding 4200 h in symmetric cells were achieved. The full cell with a LiFePO4 cathode maintained 76.2% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 0.5 C (N/P = 2).
Authors
- Hui Zong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7328-3916)
- Yi Xu
- Maolin Guo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9330-9239)
- Xiaoyang Zheng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1452-5855)
- Shang‐Qi Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8181-6985)
- Xueyan Wu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-3149)
- Yi Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6175-9350)
- Qiaobao Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3584-5201)
- Fei‐Hu Du (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5498-0700)
- Zhefei Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4925-7208)
- Zhenzhen Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1299-9002)
- Yaowen Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1689-2491)
- Jianing Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2565-8260)
- Kai‐Xue Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2076-5487)
- Guanyao Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7151-7782)
- Chao Wu
Institutions
- Shanghai University (CN)
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (CN)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Xiamen University (CN)
- Bio-Synthesis (United States) (US)
- Institute for Learning Innovation (US)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (CN)
- Chemical Synthesis Lab (SG)
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
Publication Details
- Journal
- ACS Energy Letters
- Published
- 2025-11-06
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c02793
- Citations
- 3
- Primary Topic
- Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.19