Rhizospheric microbiomes differ between dormant and active Potaninia mongolica in the Gobi desert of Mongolia

Rhizospheric microbiomes differ between active and dormant plants due to changes in root activity and exudate production, especially under environmental stress. In arid regions, native plants such as Potaninia mongolica Maxim enter dormancy to survive harsh conditions. However, rhizospheric microbial and chemical differences between active and dormant states of plants remain poorly described. This study investigated rhizospheric microbial communities and soil chemical changes in the case of active and dormant P.mongolica plants. Rhizospheric soil samples were collected, and soil texture and chemical variables were analyzed. High-throughput sequencing targeting the 16S rRNA and ITS regions was conducted to profile bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. Results showed that the dominant fungal phyla were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, while Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacterial phyla in both plant states. Although bacterial diversity did not differ significantly between active and dormant plants (p > 0.05, Welch's t-test), fungal diversity was significantly different. Among soil chemical variables, total nitrogen was notably elevated in the rhizosphere of dormant plants (mean = 7.93; SD = 5.91). These findings reveal differences in fungal community structure and nitrogen levels in the rhizosphere between active and dormant plant states. Understanding these interactions contributes to our knowledge of desert plant microbiome dynamics and may inform the use of microbial indicators or amendments to support vegetation restoration in arid environments.