SERPINA1 gene regulates the tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and tumor immune microenvironment

This study aims to reveal the influence of SERPINA1 gene on the development, prognosis evaluation and immune environment changes of breast cancer. Cell lines with differential SERPINA1 expression were constructed. These models were used to explore its impact on the biological behavior of breast cancer cells. The expression of SERPINA1 in breast tumor tissues of patients undergoing surgery in our hospital was detected by immunohistochemistry to evaluate the regulatory effect of SERPINA1 gene on tumor microenvironment. The results found that the overexpression of SERPINA1 gene could significantly inhibit the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells and promote apoptosis. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that SERPINA1 may regulate the biological behavior of cells by affecting biological functional pathways such as adaptive immune response, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and phosphatidylinositol signaling system¹. Western blot analysis showed that SERPINA1 overexpression was accompanied by an increase in PTEN expression and a decrease in Akt and mTOR phosphorylation levels, suggesting a molecular mechanism by which SERPINA1 gene and PTEN cooperate to negatively regulate the passage of PI3K. In addition, the high expression of SERPINA1 is related to the recruitment of regulatory T cells (Treg) in breast cancer tissues, which may change the tumor microenvironment.