A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Body Mass Index With Cholesterol Gallstones in Patients With Cholelithiasis in Tertiary Healthcare Settings

Background Gallstones represent a common hepatobiliary disease, with the most common being cholesterol stones. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cholesterol gallstones and evaluate their relationship with body mass index (BMI) and other risk factors. Methodology From March to August 2025, a total of 300 adult patients with ultrasonographically proven cholelithiasis were admitted to the Department of Surgery of Jinnah Medical and Dental College in Karachi and participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study. Patients with hemolytic disorders, chronic liver disease, acute cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, or previous biliary surgery were not included. Demographic, lifestyle, family history, and clinical data were collected. Weight and height measurements were used to calculate BMI. Gallstones were categorized as mixed, pigment, and cholesterol. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA), and chi-square tests were used to evaluate associations (p < 0.05). Results A higher BMI was significantly correlated with the presence of cholesterol stones, which were found in 160 (53.3%) patients (p < 0.001). Women comprised the majority (n = 261, 87%) and were more likely to have a high BMI and cholesterol stones. Lifestyle factors and family history also played a role. Conclusions There was a strong correlation between elevated BMI and cholesterol gallstones, especially in women. For management and prevention, controlling weight and addressing modifiable risk factors are essential.