Reference values and biological factors influencing skin autofluorescence

We provide robust reference values for SAF, established in healthy individuals of Western European descent, separately by sex, who have never smoked. Higher levels of SAF are observed in former and current smokers and in people with T2D, CVD, and impaired renal function. The relationship between physical activity and SAF scores is complex, with higher SAF scores demonstrated in sedentary people and those performing a large amount of moderate-to-vigorous physical exercise.