Biomimetic nacre-inspired composites reinforced with glass fibers for enhanced strength

This study explores enhancing the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced polymer composites using a biomimetic approach inspired by nacre. Composites were fabricated with hexagonal glass fiber platelets cut via high-precision laser, embedded in a polyester resin matrix. Ten specimens were produced with varying platelet sizes (10–30 mm) and interplatelet gaps (2–6 mm), arranged in three laminate layers with a 0°/45°/90° stacking sequence. Mechanical testing revealed that larger platelets improved tensile strength, hardness, and density, while wider interplatelet gaps reduced performance. The optimal configuration, with 25 mm platelets, showed an 18% increase in impact strength (1.9 J/m → 2.3 J/m) and a 115% increase in flexural strength (59 MPa → 127 MPa) compared to monolithic laminates. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated variations in resin curing and fiber–matrix interactions, and X-ray diffraction patterns showed changes in crystallinity and residual stress. Scanning electron microscopy imaging confirmed reduced delamination and enhanced crack resistance in biomimetic laminates. These findings demonstrate that nacre-inspired glass fiber composites exhibit significantly improved mechanical behavior, highlighting their potential for engineering applications, including automotive crash components and protective headgear.