Percutaneous and Non-fluoroscopic Technique Basics: How and Who

The percutaneous and non-fluoroscopic (PAN) technique represents a major breakthrough in cardiovascular intervention, offering innovative solutions to address the limitations of traditional fluoroscopically guided procedures, including radiation exposure, contrast agent-related risks and burdensome requirements for lead aprons. This review examines the fundamental principles, implementation methodologies and indications for PAN technique. Through integration of advanced imaging guidance systems and transcatheter techniques, the PAN technique achieves radiation-free or low-radiation intervention procedures for various structural heart conditions. Based on current research evidence, the PAN technique not only significantly reduces iatrogenic injury risks but also delivers clinical outcomes comparable or superior to conventional methods. By eliminating radiation exposure and improving accessibility, the PAN technique establishes a safe, effective and economically viable pathway for minimally invasive cardiovascular interventions, with potential for broader application in future cardiovascular intervention practice.