Who Likes Sweets? Sweet Patterns: Influence of Sex, Age, Body Mass Index, Smoking and Olfactory Efficiency on the Consumption of Sweet Products

<b>Background:</b> Sugars, also known as saccharides or carbohydrates, are essential organic compounds that ensure the human body functions properly. They are used as sources of energy, as structural elements and reserve materials. Excessive sugar consumption is prevalent in many countries and has negative health consequences. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 283 people living in Poland took part in the study. An interview and olfactory tests (dynamic olfactometry method) were conducted together with assessments of food preferences from 25 types of food products. <b>Aim:</b> To assess the impact of olfactory efficiency and individual characteristics, such as sex, age, body weight and tobacco addiction, on preferences for various sweet products. Another important objective of this study was to examine the patterns in preferences for different sweet foods. <b>Result and Conclusions:</b> Of all the types of sweet products analysed in the study, desserts and fruit were the most popular. Preferences varied depending on the type of sweet food or drink as well as on other factors. In terms of declared enjoyment, desserts, chocolate and sweets, including jellies and bread, formed a common group (Factor Three: 'sweet products'); while sweet, carbonated drinks formed the group-Factor One ('junk food'); and fruit, together with vegetables, salads, cheese and spicy dishes, formed the group-Factor Four. The most important factors influencing the preference for sweet foods and drinks were the severity of tobacco addiction, age and sex. There was no significant influence from olfactory efficiency or body mass index on the preference for any of the sweet products in the study.