South African retail pharmacists’ knowledge of cannabidiol and cannabis, and training recommendations

Background: With the evolving legal landscape in South Africa, cannabidiol (CBD) and non-medical cannabis products are increasingly available, posing challenges for healthcare professionals. Retail pharmacists, as key figures in patient care, face a critical knowledge gap in providing informed advice on these products. This study assessed the attitudes and clinical knowledge of retail pharmacists in South Africa regarding the recommendation and patient counselling with respect to CBD and non-medical cannabis. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative design study was conducted, using an online survey to evaluate pharmacists’ knowledge and attitudes towards CBD and non-medical cannabis. A sample of 178 pharmacists provided a statistical power of 0.997, ensuring robust results. Results: While 69% of pharmacists recognised CBD’s therapeutic potential, 63% felt unprepared to recommend it because of insufficient knowledge and 60% cited a lack of resources in their pharmacies. Only 13% scored above 50% in the knowledge assessment, which included legislative and clinical understanding related to CBD and non-medical cannabis, with 31% reporting no formal training to educate themselves on CBD products. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for targeted educational initiatives and clear South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) guidelines to bridge knowledge gaps among retail pharmacists. Updated resources on CBD safety, interactions and therapeutic use are critical to empower pharmacists to deliver evidence-based counselling. Contribution: The findings contribute to healthcare education, policy reform, and health promotion by emphasising the importance of equipping pharmacists with the tools necessary for safe and effective counselling on CBD and cannabis products.