Analysis of Blood Biochemical Profiles in Elderly Women for Screening Dementia Diagnostic

Introduction: Beta-amyloid is widely recognized as a critical biomarker in diagnosing and monitoring the progression of dementia. However, the multifaceted nature of dementia suggests that other biochemical parameters may also play significant roles in its onset and development. Exploring these parameters can offer new insights into the mechanisms underlying dementia and pave the way for more comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This study aims to compare the blood biochemical profiles of elderly women with and without dementia. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study included 80 women aged 60 to 100 years. Dementia was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) with a cut-off score of 23. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) combined with the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique was employed to measure biochemical parameters, including amyloid beta-42 (Aβ42), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square test and independent samples t-test. Results: Significant differences were observed in the plasma levels of biochemical markers between the two groups. Plasma amyloid beta-42 (p < 0.001), acetylcholinesterase (p = 0.009), BDNF (p = 0.037), and SOD (p = 0.003) were significantly altered in participants with dementia compared to those without dementia. Conclusion: This study highlights significant differences in plasma levels of amyloid beta-42, AChE, BDNF, and SOD between elderly women with and without dementia. These findings suggest that, in addition to Aβ42, AChE, BDNF, and SOD hold potential as biomarkers for dementia screening.