Application of Hydrophobic Polymers In Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: A Review

Fabrication of functional scaffolds that mimic the native bone is essential for bone osteogenesis. The latest generation of biomaterials is designed to imitate the structural characteristics of the extracellular matrix in promoting effective tissue integration and aiding long-lasting integration. One of high potentials biomaterials is hydrophobic materials that offer extended therapeutic advantages by offering sustained release over time. However, low water affinity and bio-inert are the most common drawbacks for hydrophobic polymers. Nevertheless, the combination of these hydrophobic polymers with other biomaterials offers great synergy in improving both mechanical and biological properties of a bone substitute. In this article, we highlight the application of hydrophobic polymers, such as Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), Poly-L-Lactic Acid (PLLA), Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)) and Polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) for bone scaffold. This review briefly discusses the limitations and modifications of these hydrophobic polymers in enhancing bone regeneration based on recent in-vitro and in-vivo models