Morphological Characteristics and Roles of Endoplasmic Reticulum in Ferroptosis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Disease Associations

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of cell death, which holds significant pathological implications in various diseases such as myocardial lesions, tumorigenesis, and intracerebral hemorrhage. The regulation of ferroptosis involves multiple factors, including interactions between subcellular organelles. Researchers are actively seeking inhibitors of ferroptosis to develop innovative cell protection strategies. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a critical role in protein synthesis and processing, as well as the accumulation of lipid peroxides, and exhibits high sensitivity to subtle changes in the intracellular environment. This review summarizes the association between ER morphological changes and the occurrence development of ferroptosis, as well as its roles in iron ion metabolism, lipid peroxidation, and the antioxidant system. Additionally, we focus on how ER stress participates in the regulatory network of ferroptosis by influencing the expression and regulation of related signaling molecules.