Research Progress on the Effect of Nutritional Intervention on Blood Pressure Improvement in Elderly Hypertensive Patients

With the intensification of population aging, the prevention and control of hypertension in the elderly has become a major public health challenge. This review systematically analyzes the mechanism and practical strategies of nutritional intervention in regulating blood pressure and improving quality of life in elderly hypertensive patients. Studies have shown that the DASH diet (with a systolic blood pressure reduction of up to 25.52 mmHg) and the Mediterranean diet (with an average systolic blood pressure reduction of 1.4 mmHg) effectively optimize blood pressure and metabolic indicators through a dietary structure rich in potassium, low in sodium, and high in unsaturated fatty acids. For the high incidence of comorbidities (such as hypertension combined with diabetes or frailty), individualized nutritional plans can synergistically manage multiple diseases. The personalized intervention model based on Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA), which integrates nutritional support, health education, and multi-dimensional management, significantly improves the blood pressure compliance rate (96.67% vs 83.33%) and reduces the risk of frailty (P<0.001). In the future, it is necessary to deepen research on precise nutritional targets and explore digital technology-driven intervention pathways to provide evidence-based basis for optimizing the comprehensive management of elderly hypertension.