Nanomaterial‐Augmented Rhizoremediation: A Sustainable Strategy for Soil Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons

Abstract Intensive agriculture and industrialization have caused soil contamination, deterioration, and reduced productivity, threatening agricultural sustainability. Petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) from natural and human‐made sources have caused significant soil pollution and health hazards, prompting advanced research. However, due to cost and practical limitations, existing approaches have fallen short in effectively restoring soil health and productivity. Recent advancements in nanotechnology offer promising opportunities to enhance soil quality indicators, increase crop yield, and ensure environmental sustainability. Nanotechnology has gained attention in agriculture for developing sustainable technologies and strategies for environmental remediation. By utilizing nanomaterials, nanotechnology enables the creation of improved materials and products, particularly for remediation. Emerging approaches, like combining nanomaterials with biological processes, are recognized as effective for removing contaminants. Integrating nanomaterials with microorganisms enhances their functionality and promotes plant nutrient availability, thereby improving soil health. Nano‐enhanced bioremediation is a successful method for addressing PHC contamination, enhancing the absorption and breakdown of pollutants, and reducing their accumulation and dispersion. This paper explores the role of nanomaterials in augmenting rhizoremediation of PHC‐polluted soils. It examines the rhizosphere involvement in bioremediation and highlights the potential of nanotechnology in improving soil health. The interactions between nanomaterials and microbes are discussed, along with their mechanisms and applications.