Effect of implant tilt and trans-mucosal abutment angulation as influencing stress pattern: An FEA study

The effect of implant tilt and transmucosal abutment angulation on stress distribution around tilted dental implants in a simulated maxillary arch using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Eight 3D models with varying implant tilts (17°, 25°, 30°, 35°) and abutment angulations (17°, 30°) were analyzed under a 200 N vertical load. Matched angulations (e.g., 17°/17°, 30°/30°) showed more uniform and favorable stress distribution. Angular mismatches greater than 5° significantly increase stress in abutments and crestal bone. Implant tilts beyond 30° combined with mismatched abutments may compromise biomechanical stability and prosthetic success.