Phytotherapeutic Potential of Rosemary in Hair Growth and Hair Fall Prevention: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Future Perspectives

Abstract: Thinning and hair loss, especially when linked to androgenetic alopecia (AGA), pose significant psychological and clinical challenges. Conventional treatments often have limitations, including side effects and inconsistent results. This paper focuses on the medicinal potential of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) in preventing hair loss and promoting hair growth. It integrates the basic biology of hair, the dynamics of the hair growth cycle, and the underlying causes of hair loss. In addition to examining the plant's botanical origin, traditional uses, and chemical profile, the review highlights the bioactive components of rosemary, including 1,8-cineole, rosmarinic acid, and carnosic acid. These compounds possess multiple beneficial properties, such as en-hanced microcapillary circulation, inhibition of testosterone 5α-reductase, and antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Collectively, these characteristics support a healthier scalp and promote hair follicle renewal. Despite promising results from preclinical and clinical studies, challenges such as small sample sizes, inconsistent formulations, and a lack of long-term safety data remain. Future research should focus on standardizing extraction and formulation methods and conducting large-scale, long-term clinical trials to fully elucidate rosemary's therapeutic po-tential for hair restoration.